"Really, the only story behavioral and visually observable indicator has guaranteed us the truth or falsehood of the words of its owner: the nose of Pinocchio
There are many popular myths that have an effect on the reputation of the professionals, and if also helps increase TV worse. Take the case of "truth machine", which does not cease to be a better name sensationalist and proper to science fiction than anything else. Officially called the polygraph, and can be used in ways completely different from we all know, and also related to the testimony.
If we make some history in the evaluation of the testimony, which is as familiar with this aspect in the forensic psychology, and focus on the biological markers (although there are others), these are based on Search nervousness or more correctly of sympathetic activation. We find for example a couple of techniques less accurate but are based on the same understanding as the polygraph test accuracy. made in China 3000 years, for example, rice powder was used. I did put it in your mouth and spit out the suspect. If was wet, then it was innocent, if it was dry, guilty.
The "Judgement of God" , the Israelites also used salivary production to see if someone was innocent or guilty (idea where my image is based profile). They were made to touch a hot iron with the tip of the tongue, and if burning is that he was guilty, in the opposite case, was innocent. All this was not entirely unfounded: when we get nervous salivated less. Another thing is why he attributed to them and also the fact that people are more factors and more or less nervous. Needless
brainer to see that taking into account the penalties of guilt (And in the second case you need to burn your tongue hurt) a lot of people are nervous and would cease to salivate even though innocent.
In seeking evidence in separate two groups, there are 4 possible outcomes, both are correct and two incorrect. Each test is characterized by reliability to distinguish between them, which would be applied to guilt:
+ The number of innocent presumed innocent
+ The number of offenders found guilty
- The number of innocent people found guilty (guilty false) [ or "Othello error"]
- The number of offenders found not guilty (innocent false)
When creating an instrument to evaluate and use need to know what we prefer: to free someone punish a guilty or innocent? I think morally, most prefer not to punish an innocent but a culprit is loose, but it depends on each individual. For this reason the methods used should go in that direction, blaming the innocent fewest possible. In the graph below you can see this related to the most popular use of the polygraph, is simply guidance to understand the idea that, no more, no numbers or data in which I will be basing, is only illustrative.
Each bell or Gaussian curve represents a group, guilty and innocent, and the color in that stains every part of these campaigns is how we consider the test performed. Upon testing, the line of approach may be more to the left or right and the curves can be more or less separated. For example, in the case of rice and "Judgement of God" , the line test could be considerably more to the right and the curves closer together (come on, a disaster).
With this system there are many innocent people unjustly punished as a result of the test, which should not be acceptable or conclusive. It is easy for any innocent be nervous before a question like: "killed you ...", "did you use a knife ..."," you hide the body ... " or the like. In them, what matters is not whether or not I know the truth, but things listed already know me and ask me if I did or not.
I give an example, I get nervous even when the actor believes me something I have not really done. This is known as a false guilty or "Othello error" because this person found guilty his wife Desdemona of infidelity by her nervousness, despite being innocent. Nervousness is not a sign of guilt to the generic questions that we all know the answer. And worst of proof is that even corrects the fact that no fault is free, as can also be presumed innocent, having committed the crime, especially in cases of very emotional people do not precisely where we could include rare psychopaths.
In programilla as "truth machine", "The moment of truth", "On Air", "The game of your life" and the like, which is played with a system (and I understood the method and system technical tool) and is subtracted from their method has little value because the present is itself a mess, they ask things without substance or with little risk, so wrong and facts known by all, without discrimination ultimately nothing. They are simple phrases that can be answered with "yes" or "no" by everyone and anyone could get nervous if you are accused of something he did not commit. The polygraph can be used much better, the machinery is very reliable, the problem lies in the method.
method but it works and I leave tomorrow [Evaluation of the testimony (II): Towards a "truth machine" sincere]
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